Since the early twentieth century, it has been a common phrase among Reconstruction scholars to say something to this effect: "the North won the war, but the South won the peace." I remember first reading that in Nina Silber's amazing book The Romance of Reunion (still one of my all-time favorites). But, of course, we know all such common phrases obscure as much as they reveal. So today, in my Reconstruction lecture, I want to hit a few points that typically get ignored:
During Reconstruction, the Federal government pursued a program of political, social, and economic restructuring across the South-including an attempt to accord legal equality and political power to former slaves. Reconstruction became a struggle over the meaning of freedom, with former slaves, former slaveholders and Northerners adopting divergent definitions. Faced with increasing opposition by white Southerners and some Northerners, however, the government abandoned efforts for black equality in favor of sectional reconciliation between whites
Reconstruction is the name of the historical period following the American Civil War during which the U.S. government attempted to resolve the divisions of the war, rebuild the southern economy, and integrate former slaves into the political and social life of the country. With the end of the war and the collapse of the Confederacy in 1865, Southern states which had borne the brunt of the war were in ruins
Industrial Revolution
LIFE IN FACTORIES DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution, as 12 year old iron worker.My name is Frank i ' m 12 year old i m a worked in a factory. two years a ago my parents and i left the village for the cities to find work. We figure out that the job is available . My parents and i need to make money for the family above the poverty level.
I m working in the hardest conditions. Workdays would often be 10 to 14 hours with minimal breaks during the shift.Factories employing children were often very dangerous places leading to injuries and even deaths. And also we were working in the factory for long hours.
Farm work was often not considered dangerous or extraneous for children, even though they limited access to education.In the factory we have a lot problems like pollution; financial, physical, and often sexual exploitation; fatigue, hunger, and illness or injury.
And some time we have a problems of language because we are not used to speak english like first language.
But the most important factor about was that i i work there laborers we can believe one day in the factory might be numbered—in America, land of opportunity, one could reasonably hope to work one’s way up from the factory floor. And if i worked hard, learned English, and stayed alive,i could become the floor manager or boss.
But The treatment of the childrens in factories was often cruel and unusual, and we were safety was generally neglected.
i Can't read Doesn't know A,B,C' Yes i want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years.
Some time it s happen that i work the night too.
And also we were smoking and doing bad stuff every time because nobody didn't really care about . the most thing they wanted is that we work.
And they were paying us so bad , and we were working like 19 hours a day with a one-hour total break. I used to get 3d [d is the abbreviation for pence] or 4d a day.
When we were working the smallest child in the factories were scavengers.they go under the machine, while it is going.it is very dangerous when wefirst come, but webecome used to it.
Some time our work become so hard i went to the mill at five in the morning. I worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday some time i could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. And they sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday.
Some time they beat up us for examples one my friend , the overlooker, knocked him to the floor. he got up as well as he could. He knocked him down again. Then he was carried to his house.he was found dead in his bed. There was another girl called Mary......she knocked her food can to the floor. The master, Mr. Newton, kicked her and caused her to wear away till she died. There was another, Caroline Thompson, who was beaten till she went out of her mind. The overlookers used to cut off the hair of any girl caught talking to a lad. This head shaving was a dreadful punishment. We were more afraid of it than any other punishment for girls because they were proud of their hair. they were given us very little time to eat, usually half an hour for breakfast and lunch, so food needed to be quick to eat and nutritious.
We had a common food it was
Oatcakes Porridge solidified Bread and soups
Mutton (cheaper meat from older sheep Bacon Potatoes
Gruel - a thin soup made from oats or potatoes mixed with milk and water - very cheap and filling Apples, pears and berries depending on the season
Beer – even for children Tea (more expensive than beer, though)
And inside the factory in was very hot some time we were regularly burned and blinded by the
intense heat. And we didn t have a better life after that,Because of we were working a lot and in a bad conditions.Two children I know got employment in a factory when they were five years old,the spinning men or women employ children if they can get a child to do their business the child is paid one shilling or one shilling and six pence, and they will take that (five year old) child before they take an older one who will cost more.
Very often we are woken at four in the morning and we are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and we see no more of our parents till we go home at night and are sent to bed.
Textile manufacturing was the first major industry to undergo
industrialization and for many people the change was tragic.
That was because before the Industrial Revolution the poor,
rural population had few ways of earning a living except for the
unreliable income they got from farming. But in
many rural people could add to their incomes by work-
ing at what were known as domestic or cottage industries by
making cloth. The way this worked was that cloth merchants
purchased large quantities of wool from sheep farmers, as well
as linen fibers from flax farmers. The merchants then delivered
the material to cottage workers to be made into cloth.
First, the fibers were spun into yarn using a simple foot-pow-
ered machine called a spinning wheel.
Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution, as 12 year old iron worker.My name is Frank i ' m 12 year old i m a worked in a factory. two years a ago my parents and i left the village for the cities to find work. We figure out that the job is available . My parents and i need to make money for the family above the poverty level.
I m working in the hardest conditions. Workdays would often be 10 to 14 hours with minimal breaks during the shift.Factories employing children were often very dangerous places leading to injuries and even deaths. And also we were working in the factory for long hours.
Farm work was often not considered dangerous or extraneous for children, even though they limited access to education.In the factory we have a lot problems like pollution; financial, physical, and often sexual exploitation; fatigue, hunger, and illness or injury.
And some time we have a problems of language because we are not used to speak english like first language.
But the most important factor about was that i i work there laborers we can believe one day in the factory might be numbered—in America, land of opportunity, one could reasonably hope to work one’s way up from the factory floor. And if i worked hard, learned English, and stayed alive,i could become the floor manager or boss.
But The treatment of the childrens in factories was often cruel and unusual, and we were safety was generally neglected.
i Can't read Doesn't know A,B,C' Yes i want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years.
Some time it s happen that i work the night too.
And also we were smoking and doing bad stuff every time because nobody didn't really care about . the most thing they wanted is that we work.
And they were paying us so bad , and we were working like 19 hours a day with a one-hour total break. I used to get 3d [d is the abbreviation for pence] or 4d a day.
When we were working the smallest child in the factories were scavengers.they go under the machine, while it is going.it is very dangerous when wefirst come, but webecome used to it.
Some time our work become so hard i went to the mill at five in the morning. I worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday some time i could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. And they sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday.
Some time they beat up us for examples one my friend , the overlooker, knocked him to the floor. he got up as well as he could. He knocked him down again. Then he was carried to his house.he was found dead in his bed. There was another girl called Mary......she knocked her food can to the floor. The master, Mr. Newton, kicked her and caused her to wear away till she died. There was another, Caroline Thompson, who was beaten till she went out of her mind. The overlookers used to cut off the hair of any girl caught talking to a lad. This head shaving was a dreadful punishment. We were more afraid of it than any other punishment for girls because they were proud of their hair. they were given us very little time to eat, usually half an hour for breakfast and lunch, so food needed to be quick to eat and nutritious.
We had a common food it was
Oatcakes Porridge solidified Bread and soups
Mutton (cheaper meat from older sheep Bacon Potatoes
Gruel - a thin soup made from oats or potatoes mixed with milk and water - very cheap and filling Apples, pears and berries depending on the season
Beer – even for children Tea (more expensive than beer, though)
And inside the factory in was very hot some time we were regularly burned and blinded by the
intense heat. And we didn t have a better life after that,Because of we were working a lot and in a bad conditions.Two children I know got employment in a factory when they were five years old,the spinning men or women employ children if they can get a child to do their business the child is paid one shilling or one shilling and six pence, and they will take that (five year old) child before they take an older one who will cost more.
Very often we are woken at four in the morning and we are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and we see no more of our parents till we go home at night and are sent to bed.
Textile manufacturing was the first major industry to undergo
industrialization and for many people the change was tragic.
That was because before the Industrial Revolution the poor,
rural population had few ways of earning a living except for the
unreliable income they got from farming. But in
many rural people could add to their incomes by work-
ing at what were known as domestic or cottage industries by
making cloth. The way this worked was that cloth merchants
purchased large quantities of wool from sheep farmers, as well
as linen fibers from flax farmers. The merchants then delivered
the material to cottage workers to be made into cloth.
First, the fibers were spun into yarn using a simple foot-pow-
ered machine called a spinning wheel.
Child Labor in Benin
why is child labor being used in the country ? what is the issue/challenge ?
In Benin they used child labor because of the poverty in some part in the country the child were working in the Cocoa farms and bananas field. they need to work to support their family for they have something to satisfier their need.
what can you do to stop child labor/help ?
to vote some rules that can punish people who still doing it or may be too buy anything they producting in the factories
In Benin they used child labor because of the poverty in some part in the country the child were working in the Cocoa farms and bananas field. they need to work to support their family for they have something to satisfier their need.
what can you do to stop child labor/help ?
to vote some rules that can punish people who still doing it or may be too buy anything they producting in the factories
PROGRESSIVE ERA
i think that people from the low level life get some pression
from the high level about their rent because they don t
have a satisfied life. Also people from the business area
they are not paying correctly the people who is working for
them in the factories.
from the high level about their rent because they don t
have a satisfied life. Also people from the business area
they are not paying correctly the people who is working for
them in the factories.
At this period they were doing the child labor, using kids in the factories make them work hard and also long without paying them enough money. Secondly their were working during the all year without any vacation or rest , and also kids were working for get some money to help their parents to satisfied their problems